Canine Brucellosis
The current situation and guidance for APBC members
B. canis has not been regarded as endemic in the UK but over recent years there has been an unexpectedly high incidence of the condition in dogs from Eastern Europe. The disease can be passed between dogs but also is a recognised zoonotic pathogen so poses an ongoing animal and public health risk to the UK.
Canine brucellosis is a “reportable disease” which means that it is a disease considered to be of great public health importance. Suspected cases need to be reported to the Animal and Plant Health Agency, the UK government agency responsible for animal health. There is an evolving situation as more is understood about testing for the disease, the risks involved of being in contact with an infected animal and the short and long-term management of such animals.
Concerns have been raised about the welfare of dogs under restrictions after diagnosis or whilst awaiting laboratory test results. Such restrictions involve significant changes to their management in order reduce the risk of disease transmission to humans and other animals. They should not be seen as significantly different to any animal undergoing restrictions for more common reasons such as exercise restriction following surgery or social restrictions for reasons of temperament. The existing skills of APBC members should therefore enable them to advise clients accordingly when dealing with cases where Brucellosis may be involved.
Veterinary surgeons in general practice have the responsibility to ensure the safety for animal welfare “in the round”. In the case of a zoonotic disease such as Canine brucellosis, this includes the personal safety of any veterinary staff who may be in contact with a particular animal, as well as other in-contact persons or animals. They take guidance from the Chief Veterinary Officer and the Animal and Plant Health Agency and are ultimately responsible for any decisions regarding the management and treatment of patients under their care, which includes any decision for euthanasia.
Further references
APHA, 2021. Canine brucellosis: Summary information sheet
http://apha.defra.gov.uk/documents/surveillance/diseases/Canine-Brucellosis-SummaryFinal-260421.pdf
9th May 2023